Art of mixing concrete.



106. COMPOSITIONS, u

COATING 0R PLASTIC. *EXAMWER,

A. W. RANSOME.

ART OF MIXING CONCRETE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 2% I912- RENEWED AFR. H, I916.

1,184,210. Patented May 23,1916.

Mil/5N TOR A TTOR/VE V THE COLUMBIA PIANOGIZAFH $0,. WAlHXNGTON, 01 c.

106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

UNITED STATES ARTHUR WILFRID RANSOME, F PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO B. L. CANNIFF, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ART OF MIXING CONCRETE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 23, 1916.

Application filed April 24, 1912, Serial No. 692,940. Renewed April 11, 1916. Serial No. 90,523.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ARTHUR \VILFRID RANSOME, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Plainfield, in the county I; of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Mixing Concrete, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enable others skilled in the art to make, use, and practise the same.

The term concrete herein employed is intended principally to refer to a mixture of cement. sand and crushed stone or rock,

suci )emg 1e usua 111(us r1a e n1 "1on0 the same, though the principle underlying my invention is in no sense limited to the use of these materials and extends to other materials of a cementitious nature, such as tar with a suitable rock or other aggregate,

Well as to the muses to which the process may be put, either for the construction of buildings or dwelling places or other engineering works.

Heretofore the general practice in the formation of unset concrete mixture has been to introduce the various elements of the mixture in an inclosed chamber and agitate the same either by a bodily movement of the walls of the chamber or of an interiorly located agitating or stirringpart. This method is effective in its results, but is characterized by various practical disadvantages, foremost among which are the difficulties of maintaining moving elements in the presence of a rapidly setting cementltious mixture, the large amount of power necessarily consumed and the difliculty of clearing the apparatus and preventing its being clogged or obstructed by the hardening cement or the cutting of the bearmgs by the dust and grit. My invention seeks to cure these difficulties and thereby to make possible the formation, admixture and delivery of these compounds, so called concrete, more thoroughly, easily and at less expense than by the methods heretofore commonly practised.

According to my invention, I form a mortar or grouting or liquid or semi-fluid mixture of cement and water with a quantity of sand'if'd'e s'iid. l l'iis mixture should be sucli that it may be caused to flow under pressure, for which purpose the quantity 55 of water and the size of the conduit or pipe should be accordingly regulated. I also take a mass of crushed rock ravel or other mineral aggrega e an con ne 1e same in a closed cl1a mloer. This chamber should i e provi' e" in a ition to an inlet and an outlet for the concrete and its materials, with a suitable vent at its upper portion, controlled so that the pressure in the chan1- ber may be regulated for a purpose which will later appear. The grouting formed as aforesaid is now orce upwar into the chamber containlng the crushed rock gregate. This "rave o 0 er ira a is done under a pressure which is most conveniently produced by compressed air allowed to exert itself back of the grouting and forcing it onward into the chamber which contains the rock. In this manner the grouting is forced into the interstices between the particles of rock and caused completely to fill the same. It is this operation which effects the formation of the concrete mixture.

In the accompanying drawing, which illustrates diagrammatically an apparatus which may be employed for carrying out my process, 10 indicates a device (the details of which I will not describe) for forming the grouting or mixture of sand, cement and water, and 11 indicates the pipe through which this mixture passes under the fluid pressure described; 12 indicates the container in which the broken rock is placed. The pipe 11 enters this container near its lower end while the vent is arranged at the upper portion as indicated at 14. According to the construction here shown, the ends of the container 12 are open and provided with covers 15 which are hinged to the container and furnished with linkage 16 by which the covers may be moved to open or closed position. The container 12 may be mounted or carried in any suitable manner and held either stationary or it may be mounted on a suitable carrier, and the tube 11 may be rigid or flexible, as desired.

After the crushed rock is placed in the container the liquid cement mixture is forced into the interstices of the rock in the manner described, and the mixture thus formed is then discharged from the container by opening one or both of the lids 15. When discharged, the concrete mixture is carried to the point of use. The container 12 may be carried to the point of use and then the concrete mixture may be simply dumped from the container upon the work to be constructed, or the contents of the container may be dumped into a suitable vehicle or carrier. In carrying out this operation in the most successful manner, it is necessary to maintain a certain pressure back of the grouting as it is forced into the chamber containing the rock, so that the grouting is driven into every crevice between the rock particles and even into the pores of the rock and a complete admixture of the particles is effected. At the same time, the vent in the rock chamber should be sufiiciently opened to allow the grouting to enter the chamber and fill the aggregate and complete the mixture. lVhen the mixture is thus formed, it may be used in the usual or any desired manner; it may be driven from the chamber by compressed air derived from the same source as that which forced the grouting into the chamber or from any other source, or it may be expelled by gravity or in various other ways, depending upon the conditions under which the process is employed.

If tar or other bituminous com ound is emp oye ins ea 0 t 1e grou ing, 1e principle of operation will be the same, the essential point being the forcing of the fluid cementitious compound by pressure into the interstices of the crushed rock or other aggregate when confined, so that the pressure on the fluid compound will cause it to fill the mass completely and form a perfect or nearly perfect mixture.

It is preferable to mix sand with the water and cement in forming the usual concrete mixtures by my process, because in this way the sand flows with the liquid mixture and is carried uniformly into every crevice or interstice of the aggregate. This insures a uniform distribution of the sand and brings about a situation which cannot be reached by any method in which the sand is mixed in with the rock before the grouting is forced in. The reason for this is that by uniting the rock and sand first, the uniform distribution of the two elements is impossible, while by uniting the sand with the water and cement, the sand is run uniformly through the rock.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A process of forming concrete or other analogous mixtures which consist in confining a mass of crushed rock or other aggregate in an inclosed space, controlling the vent from said inclosed space, forcing a liquid cementitious compound into said inclosed space and into the interstices between the particles of rock or other aggregate therein, and in then removing the unset concrete mixture thus formed to the point of use thereof.

2. The process of forming concrete or other analogous mixtures which consists of confining a body of crushed rock or other aggregate in an inclosed space, forcing into said space and through the interstices between the particles of rock a fluid cementitious compound, thereby forming the concrete mixture, and removing said unset concrete mixture from said inclosed space to the point of use of such mixture.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR VILFRID RANSOME.

\Vitnesses:

O. E. EDWARDS, Jr., KATE ROSENBERG.

Copies 0! this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. G. 

